Cholecalciferol causes the death of rodents by what means?

Cholecalciferol, also known as Vitamin D3, functions as a rodenticide primarily by increasing calcium levels in the blood. When ingested, it leads to a condition known as hypercalcemia, where excessive calcium accumulates in the bloodstream. This heightened level of calcium can result in various physiological disruptions, including damage to kidneys, heart, and other organs, ultimately leading to the death of the rodent. The mechanism of action is well-understood in the context of how Vitamin D regulates calcium and phosphate balance in the body, and when this balance is severely disrupted, it can have fatal consequences. This pathway is effective for controlling rodent populations while also differing significantly from other methods of rodent control that might target hydration, nervous functions, or circulation directly.