What is the shape of nests constructed by paper wasps?

The nests constructed by paper wasps are typically umbrella-shaped. This design allows for effective drainage of rainwater and provides ample space for the wasps to build their individual cells, which house larvae. The umbrella shape also offers protection from predators and the elements, making it a highly functional structure for the colony.

In contrast, box-shaped and pyramid nests are not characteristic of paper wasps; those shapes are more commonly associated with different species of wasps or bees. A flat structure, while it may seem plausible, does not provide the structural integrity and spatial benefits that an umbrella shape offers. Thus, the unique umbrella shape of paper wasp nests is key to their construction style and functionality.